{"id":9893,"date":"2025-03-19T18:09:29","date_gmt":"2025-03-19T18:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9893"},"modified":"2025-03-19T18:19:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T18:19:16","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7-%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9893","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 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\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <strong>SFIO<\/strong>) \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920\u060c \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0634\u062d \u0648\u0641\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c 3252 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 1022\u060c \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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has-link-color wp-elements-40f59534b83596207ee9a9090861dc78\">\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"1135\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Biennio_Rosso.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9896\" style=\"width:400px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c 1920<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a 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\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0648: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646! \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646! \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94c4acd34def155a143844613473f70c\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018Manifesto of the First Congress of the Comintern\u2019, <em>The New International<\/em>, Vol. 9, No. 6, 1943, pg 191<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018Terms of Admission into Communist International\u2019, <em>Lenin Collected Works<\/em>, Vol. 31, Progress Publishers, 1966, pg 206-207,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> <em>bid<\/em>., pg 209<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> R A Archer (trans.),<em> Second Congress of the Communist International: Minutes and Proceedings<\/em>, Vol. 2, New Park, 1977, pg 277<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> <em>bid<\/em>., pg 279<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> <em>bid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>., pg 280<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018Report on the World Economic Crisis and the New Tasks of the Communist International\u2019, <em>The First Five Years of the Comintern<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2020, pg 275<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>., pg 277<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018A School of Revolutionary Strategy\u2019, <em>The First Five Years of the Comintern<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2020, Pg 410<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> Published in <em>Resolutions and Theses of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International<\/em>, Centropress, 1922, pg 36<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 39-40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 40<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 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&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":9894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9893","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-136"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9893","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9893"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9893\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9906,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9893\/revisions\/9906"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9893"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9893"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9893"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}