{"id":9740,"date":"2025-02-13T17:02:20","date_gmt":"2025-02-13T17:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9740"},"modified":"2025-02-14T14:51:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T14:51:33","slug":"%d8%ac%d8%b0%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9740","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\n
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\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0647\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 -\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a- \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 180 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 21 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a – SWP\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627).<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 The History of British Trotskyism<\/a> (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (WIL)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (RSL)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631: “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646”. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0634\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641) \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 “\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1944 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629. (…)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633” \u062a\u0634\u0628\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 “\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646” \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979[1]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629”[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627 (\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627: “\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. (…) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948. (…) \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 (…)”[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u063a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0627 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1945\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629”[4]<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1938 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1942 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629)[5]<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u060c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 “\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627”. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631. (…). \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1946\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644[6]<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0634\u062a 1946 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635 “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 – \u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643”[7]<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629”. (…) \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 (…) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. (…) \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646 “\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627”. (…) \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. (…) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a “\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 1943-1945\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Marxist.com[8]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 -\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 “will there be a slum” – \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 “\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629). \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 -\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627- \u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
\u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a” \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627. (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 The 1952 Bolivian Revolution<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 “\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a” \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 (\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629) \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1950\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 1953 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 (\u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a (\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645). \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1953) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a”\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u062e\u0635\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646) \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a”[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n

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\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u062a 1964:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

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\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0639 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a\u0629 [Focoism \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d “\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629]\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a…”\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (1964):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648: “\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646”[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (OLAS) \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n

“\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0627. (…) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. (…)”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1987\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 (1989) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0634\u062a \u0648\u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 1991) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 (2008) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0635\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628”. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a 22 \u063a\u0634\u062a 1991\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628” 13 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0646 “\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628”\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a”\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a”. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628” \u0646\u062c\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

“\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629”) \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 “\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a” \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631”. (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 119)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0636. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627. (…) \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 “\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061f”. \u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a”\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644” \u0648”\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646”.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6000 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629” \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062f \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0644\u0648<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

17 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2024<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le origini del Partito Comunista Rivoluzionario<\/a><\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> The Fourth International: the Long March of the Trotskysts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> L. Maitan, Tempeste nell\u2019economia mondiale, DataNews 1998, pag. 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> L. Maitan, La strada percorsa, p. 167-168<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> The Changed Relationship of Forces in Europe and the Role of the Fourth International<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Preparing for Power<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Economic Perspectives of April 1946<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Democracy or Bonapartism in Europe – A Reply to Pierre Frank<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/strong><\/a>  \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Where Are We Going?, January 1951<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> letter written by Jock Haston to the leaders of the Fourth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> The Colonial Revolution and the Sino-Soviet Dispute<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> L. Maitan, Per una storia della Quarta Internazionale, p. 171-172<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> The Colonial Revolution and the Sino-Soviet Dispute<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> N. Moreno, Dos metodos frente a la revoluci\u00f3n latinoamericana<\/a>, Estrategia, new series, 1964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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