{"id":9587,"date":"2024-12-14T15:09:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T15:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9587"},"modified":"2024-12-14T19:12:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T19:12:45","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d8%8c-%d9%88%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%81%d8%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9587","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 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id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a -\u0645\u062b\u0644 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Carr \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (Autonomism)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 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id=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633: &#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn51\" id=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a &#8230; \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647: \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647!&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn52\" id=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0622\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062b<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">23 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 2024<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marxist.com\/the-soviet-economy-how-it-worked-and-how-it-didn-t.htm#_ftnref16\">The Soviet economy: how it worked\u2026 and how it didn\u2019t<\/a><\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> L Trotsky, <em>The Revolution Betrayed<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2015, pg 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> L Trotsky, History of the Russian Revolution, Vol. 3, Wellred Books, 2022, pg 1168<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> V I Lenin, State and Revolution, Wellred Books, 2019, pg 85-86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> K Marx, F Engels, \u201cThe Communist Manifesto\u201d, <em>Classics of Marxism<\/em>, Vol. 1, Wellred Books, 2013, pg 21-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> K Marx, Critique of the Gotha Programme, Foreign Languages Press, 2021, pg 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018Left-Wing\u2019 childishness and petty-bourgeois mentality, Progress Publishers, 1968, pg 18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> V I Lenin, State and Revolution, Wellred Books, 2019, pg 67<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018Left-Wing\u2019 childishness and petty-bourgeois mentality, Progress Publishers, 1968, pg 19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, Wellred Books, 2015, pg 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> S M Efremov, The role of inflation in Soviet history: Prices, living standards, and political change, East Tennessee State University, 2012, pg 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u201cExtraordinary Seventh Congress of the R.C.P.(B.)\u201d, Lenin Collected Works, Vol. 27, Progress Publishers, 1965, pg 98<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> E H Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, Vol. 2, Penguin Books, 1952, pg 76<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> <em>ibid.<\/em>, pg 78<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> ibid., pg 80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> A Nove, An economic history of the USSR, 1917-1991, Penguin Books, 1992, pg 46<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> V I Lenin,&nbsp;<em>\u2018Left-Wing\u2019 childishness and petty-bourgeois mentality<\/em>, Progress Publishers, 1968, pg 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> R W Davies, M Harrison, S G Wheatcroft, The economic transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913-1945, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pg 135<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> V Serge, Year One of the Russian Revolution, Haymarket Books, 2015, pg 242<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> E H Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, Vol. 2, Penguin Books, 1952, pg 178<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> <em>ibid.<\/em>, pg 186<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> ibid., pg 242<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" id=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> V Serge, Year One of the Russian Revolution, Haymarket Books, 2015, pg 213<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" id=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> S M Efremov, The role of inflation in Soviet history: Prices, living standards, and political change, East Tennessee State University, 2012, pg 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" id=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, Wellred Books, 2015, pg 46<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" id=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> E H Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, Vol. 2, Penguin Books, 1952, pg 344<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" id=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> S M Efremov, The role of inflation in Soviet history: Prices, living standards, and political change, East Tennessee State University, 2012, pg 17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" id=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> E H Carr, The Bolshevik Revolution, 1917-1923, Vol. 2, Penguin Books, 1952, pg 321-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" id=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> L Trotsky, The First Five Years of the Communist International, Wellred Books, 2020, pg 650<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" id=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, Wellred Books, 2015, pg 79<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" id=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> A Nove, An economic history of the USSR, 1917-1991, Penguin Books, 1992, pg 121<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" id=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> E Preobrazhensky, The New Economics, Oxford University Press, 1965, pg 172<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" id=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> ibid., pg 147<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" id=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> ibid., pg 145<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" id=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> T Grant, \u201cAgainst the Theory of State Capitalism\u201d, The Unbroken Thread, Fortress Books, 1989, pg 210<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" id=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> E H Carr, R W Davies, Foundations of a planned economy, 1926-1929, Vol. 1, Macmillan Press, 1969, pg 26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" id=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> Trotsky Archives, No. T-1594<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" id=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> R W Davies, M Harrison, S G Wheatcroft, The economic transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913-1945, Cambridge University Press, 1994, pg 106<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" id=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> ibid., pg 44-45<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" id=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> A Katz, The Politics of Economic Reform in the Soviet Union, Praeger, 1978, pg 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" id=\"_ftn41\"><strong>[41]<\/strong><\/a> &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=7659\">\u0636\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" id=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u201cThe Soviet economy in danger\u201d, Writings of Leon Trotsky (1932), Pathfinder, 1973, pg 278<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" id=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" id=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u201cThe Soviet economy in danger\u201d,&nbsp;<em>Writings of Leon Trotsky (1932)<\/em>, Pathfinder Press, 1973, pg 260<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" id=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" id=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u201cThe Soviet economy in danger\u201d,&nbsp;<em>Writings of Leon Trotsky (1932)<\/em>, Pathfinder Press, 1973, pg 260<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" id=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" id=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> L Trotsky,&nbsp;<em>The Revolution Betrayed<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2015, pg 33, emphasis in original<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" id=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> A S Balinky, \u201cThe proclaimed emergence of communism in the USSR\u201d,&nbsp;<em>Social Research<\/em>, Vol. 28, No. 3, 1961, pg 261\u201382<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" id=\"_ftn50\"><strong>[50]<\/strong><\/a> &nbsp;\u0636\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" id=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> K Marx,&nbsp;<em>Capital,&nbsp;<\/em>Vol. 3, Penguin Classics, 1991, pg 958-959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" id=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> K Marx,&nbsp;<em>Critique of the Gotha Programme<\/em>, Foreign Languages Press, 2021, pg 16<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 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