{"id":9254,"date":"2024-10-19T14:16:20","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T14:16:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9254"},"modified":"2025-03-19T18:15:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-19T18:15:00","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9254","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 47 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;<em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>&#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629! \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8960\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. <a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/IDOM-arabic-47-1.pdf\">\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 47 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=9893\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2110\" height=\"1606\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/462536219_1553018438639996_6117608253416407170_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9264\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1848\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab&#8230; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627 -\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627- \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"711\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/BismarckundNapoleonIII_Image_public_domain.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9256\" style=\"width:297px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab&#8230; \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 [&#8230;] \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627!\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn2\" id=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a 1871\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0622\u062e\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627!\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn3\" id=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1870\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0639\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/comintern_Image_public_domain.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9257\" style=\"width:353px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn4\" id=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/lenin_trotsky_Image_public_domain.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9258\" style=\"width:357px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u201d) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637. \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u201c\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u064d\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/trotsky_speaking_Image_public_domain.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9259\" style=\"width:347px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8805\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/a>\u201d\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u201d \u0643\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn5\" id=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0646\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn6\" id=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 -\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645- \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639- \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 500 \u06485500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/RIAN_archive_46685_Mikhail_Gorbachev_and_Ronald_Reagan_in_Reykjavik_Image_RIA_Novosti_archive_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9260\" style=\"width:338px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u00ab\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u00bb. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u061f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629! \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u201d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0648\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/down-with-the-warmongers-ar.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9261\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8960\">\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/a>: \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u201d. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0634\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> K Marx, F Engels, \u2018Manifesto of the Communist Party\u2019, <em>Classics of Marxism<\/em>, Vol. 1, Wellred Books, 2013, pg 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> K Marx,<em> The Civil War in France<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2021, pg 13-14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 71<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> M Liebman, \u20181914:The Great Schism\u2019,<em> Socialist Register<\/em>, Vol. 1, 1964, pg 283<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018Sectarianism, Centrism and the Fourth International\u2019,<em> New Militant<\/em>, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1936, pg 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 47 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629! \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631. \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":9264,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,413],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-136","category-413"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9254"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9905,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9254\/revisions\/9905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9254"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}