{"id":8626,"date":"2024-04-22T09:31:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T09:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8626"},"modified":"2024-04-21T22:17:27","modified_gmt":"2024-04-21T22:17:27","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b6%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%ac%d9%84-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b4%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8626","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1923\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marxist.com\/magazine.htm\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 44 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8409\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 14 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d<\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641) \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Red-Trotsky.jpg.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8627\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0621. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1923\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96dd6e4b1c504323c67119b0cb8b87c1\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1923. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1923\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0637 [Bureaucratisation] \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0637 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0637&#8230;\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0632\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u201d<a href=\"#_edn2\" id=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064046\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn3\" id=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (\u201c\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u201d) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 46 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u201c\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u201d. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0632\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a (\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 46 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631) \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a<a href=\"#_edn4\" id=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn5\" id=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625. \u0647\u0640. \u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c\u201d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b5383672cc65ade009f02b8234ffe144\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 1923 (\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u201d) \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RSOR_154_Trotsky_portrait-idom.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3601\" height=\"3679\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RSOR_154_Trotsky_portrait-idom.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8628\" style=\"width:506px;height:auto\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 (\u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn6\" id=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0635\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0630\u0644\u0629\u201d<a href=\"#_edn7\" id=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn8\" id=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u00ab\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn9\" id=\"_ednref9\">[9]<\/a>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a11eec4ed34cddb901ac7e29c4291d0c\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn10\" id=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0641\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648. \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u201d<a href=\"#_edn11\" id=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641&#8221;. \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn12\" id=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-806fbae2a4454dbd6b2a13eaea57fff7\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0639<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0628\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn13\" id=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u201d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u201c\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0626\u2026<br><br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0628\u0644: \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb<a id=\"_ednref14\" href=\"#_edn14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn15\" id=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u201d\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/lenin-e-trotsky_Image_public_domain.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8487\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921\u060c \u00ab\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn16\" id=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923. \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u201c\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u201d. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn17\" id=\"_ednref17\">[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0639\u201d<a href=\"#_edn18\" id=\"_ednref18\">[18]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn19\" id=\"_ednref19\">[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6205fa587c93e1b5fccbbe12e47c7cd5\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn20\" id=\"_ednref20\">[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u201c\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn21\" id=\"_ednref21\">[21]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639. \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0640\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u201d. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn22\" id=\"_ednref22\">[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1924\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u201c\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19e872240bea1a5d2b1dd8fb90a005dd\">\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Trotsky\u2019s struggle to rejuvenate the Bolshevik party<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ec7bfe5198979d90246ee9bbf722f4c5\">\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u201cFirst Letter to the CC\u201d, <em>The Challenge of The Left Opposition (1923-25)<\/em>, Pathfinder Press, 2019, pg 69<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 68<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> L Trotsky, <em>My Life<\/em>, Wellred, 2018, pg 443<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> R Gregor ed., \u201cOn the Intra-Party Situation\u201d, <em>Resolutions and Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union<\/em>, Vol. 2, University of Toronto Press, 1974, pg 208<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> E H Carr, <em>The Interregnum 1923-24<\/em>, The MacMillan Press, 1978, pg 307<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> L Trotsky, <em>The New Course<\/em>, University of Michigan Press, 1965, pg 21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> ibid. pg 92<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> ibid. pg 103<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> ibid. pg 53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> ibid. pg 47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> ibid. pg 54<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> ibid. pg 48<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> ibid. pg 49<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> ibid. pg 56<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> ibid. pg 53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> ibid. pg 33<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> ibid. pg 90<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> ibid. pg 18<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1923\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 44 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 14 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":44,"featured_media":8627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[431],"tags":[93,165],"class_list":["post-8626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-431","tag-93","tag-165"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/44"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8626"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8629,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8626\/revisions\/8629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}