{"id":8318,"date":"2024-01-30T16:49:37","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T16:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8318"},"modified":"2024-01-30T16:51:48","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T16:51:48","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%83%d9%81%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=8318","title":{"rendered":"“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a: “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c”"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\n

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\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 “\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631” \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a”[5]<\/a>  (Totalitarian). \u0648”\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633”[6]<\/a>. \u0648”\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631”[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 <\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 “\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a “\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a” \u0648”\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627”[13]<\/a>. \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u2013\u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629”- \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647: “\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u062b\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646”[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627: \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0648\u062c” \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629” (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0641 “\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645”\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640”\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643”. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a” \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631” \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064f\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645”[21]<\/a>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631”[22]<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629  (Mass culture) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0630\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> K Marx, The German Ideology, Marx & Engels Collected Works vol. 5, Progress Publishers, 1968, pg 36<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> K Marx, Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, International Library Publishing, 1904, pg 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> M Horkheimer & T Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment, Verso Books, 1997, pg xiii<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> ibid., pg 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> ibid., pg 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> ibid., pg 24<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a>  ibid<\/em>., pg 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> F Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, The Classics of Marxism vol 1, Wellred Books, 2013, pg 39<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> T Adorno, Negative Dialectics, Continuum Publishing, 2004, pg 320<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> See T Grant, Will There be a Slump?, 1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a>  H Marcuse, One Dimensional Man, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 2002, pg 128<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> ibid., pg 3-4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 [!\u061f]\u2026 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 160<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a>  ibid., pg 26<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 10. \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a: “\u0644\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a [\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a] \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 [\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629: xliii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> F Engels, \u201cEngels to J. Bloch\u201d, Marx Engels Collected works vol 49, Lawrence and Wishart, 2001, pg 33<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a>  M Horkheimer & T Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment, Verso Books, 1997, pg xiv-xv<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> ibid., pg 133-134<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> R Sewell, Germany 1918-1933: Socialism or Barbarism, Wellred Books, 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> T Adorno, The Culture Industry, Routledge, 2001, pg 150<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> H Marcuse, \u201cAn Essay on Liberation\u201d, Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Philosophische Forschung 26 (1), 1972, pg 27<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> S Jeffries, Grand Hotel Abyss, Verso Books, 2016, pg 292<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> S Muller-Doohm, Adorno: A Biography, Polity Press, 2008, pg 414<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> M Horkheimer, The Eclipse of Reason, Oxford University Press, 1947, pg 124<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> M Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, University of California Press, 1973, pg 205<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> S Jeffries, Grand Hotel Abyss, Verso Books, 2016, pg 72<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> ibid., pg 54<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> ibid., pg 78<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0644\u064a<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

21 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2023<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Frankfurt school’s academic ‘Marxism’: “organised hypocrisy”<\/a><\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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