{"id":11191,"date":"2026-10-13T18:24:06","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T18:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=11191"},"modified":"2026-10-13T18:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T18:24:09","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-1905-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=11191","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0648 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"729\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Shestviye_u_Narvskikh_vorot-1024x729.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Shestviye_u_Narvskikh_vorot-1024x729.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Shestviye_u_Narvskikh_vorot-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Shestviye_u_Narvskikh_vorot-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Shestviye_u_Narvskikh_vorot-1536x1094.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Shestviye_u_Narvskikh_vorot-2048x1459.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 51 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221; 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. [&#8230;] \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 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size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/TzarNicholasAmongTroops-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11194\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.8188507427014464;width:364px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/TzarNicholasAmongTroops-1024x563.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/TzarNicholasAmongTroops-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/TzarNicholasAmongTroops-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/TzarNicholasAmongTroops-1536x845.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/TzarNicholasAmongTroops-2048x1126.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 [&#8230;]\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u060c <strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>&#8220;<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>. [\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627]\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1905\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn13\" id=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 &#8220;\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn14\" id=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"703\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-1024x703.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11195\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.4566024080240567;width:382px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-1024x703.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-1536x1055.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-2048x1406.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1606653296151135936_enlarge-110x75.jpg 110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629! \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0646\u061f&#8221; (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1905)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u061b \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1905 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062b\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0637\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639<a href=\"#_ftn15\" id=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0630\u0644 &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629!&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905 -\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn16\" id=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064a\u0647 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\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1904\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u0647\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 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[&#8230;] <strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;<a href=\"#_ftn17\" id=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>. [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627]\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn18\" id=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a 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\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1905\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0642\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1905\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f. \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0633<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Makovsky_-_The_9th_of_January_1905_enlarge-1024x585.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11196\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.7503983005841741;width:401px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Makovsky_-_The_9th_of_January_1905_enlarge-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Makovsky_-_The_9th_of_January_1905_enlarge-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Makovsky_-_The_9th_of_January_1905_enlarge-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Makovsky_-_The_9th_of_January_1905_enlarge-1536x877.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Makovsky_-_The_9th_of_January_1905_enlarge-2048x1170.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">9 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1905 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a) (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1905)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u064a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644. \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a 6 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 &#8211; \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a). \u0641\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1905\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. [&#8230;] \u0643\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0645!&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn19\" id=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1862\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;<a href=\"#_ftn20\" id=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>. [\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627]\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u062e\u0637\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 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\u062d\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646. [&#8230;] \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn23\" id=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0641\u064a 16 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627. \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 100 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 200 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 &#8220;\u0625\u0632\u0641\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627&#8221; (\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646). \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 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\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646: &#8216;[&#8230;] \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a&#8217;. \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0622\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8216;\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631&#8217;.&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn24\" id=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 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id=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0632\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 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srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1905_Petersburg_Soviet_on_trial_idom-1024x728.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1905_Petersburg_Soviet_on_trial_idom-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1905_Petersburg_Soviet_on_trial_idom-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1905_Petersburg_Soviet_on_trial_idom-1536x1092.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/1905_Petersburg_Soviet_on_trial_idom-2048x1456.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1906 \u2013 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 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\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: &#8220;\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629!&#8221;\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn29\" id=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"725\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-725x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11198\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.7080075586021067;width:367px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-725x1024.jpg 725w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-768x1084.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-1088x1536.jpg 1088w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-1450x2048.jpg 1450w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Vintage_Potemkin_cropped-scaled.jpg 1813w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646&#8221; (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1925)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a &#8220;\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 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wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0648\u0642- \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn32\" id=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1848\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1850 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<a href=\"#_ftn33\" id=\"_ftnref33\"><strong>[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/mark><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1848\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a 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https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/enlarge_moscow_uprising_25_december_1905_idom-768x499.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/enlarge_moscow_uprising_25_december_1905_idom-1536x998.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/enlarge_moscow_uprising_25_december_1905_idom-2048x1331.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1905\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0636\u062f 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href=\"#_ftn35\" id=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646 &#8220;\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a 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src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Arm_with_Hammer_and_sickle_1922-821x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11200\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.8017538671689148;width:297px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Arm_with_Hammer_and_sickle_1922-821x1024.jpg 821w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Arm_with_Hammer_and_sickle_1922-240x300.jpg 240w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Arm_with_Hammer_and_sickle_1922-768x958.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Arm_with_Hammer_and_sickle_1922-1231x1536.jpg 1231w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Arm_with_Hammer_and_sickle_1922.jpg 1478w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 821px) 100vw, 821px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 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\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0641\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn36\" id=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0643\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 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\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?cat=413\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/photo_2026-06-15_18-38-18-724x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11201\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.7070249271608935;width:358px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/photo_2026-06-15_18-38-18-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/photo_2026-06-15_18-38-18-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/photo_2026-06-15_18-38-18-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/photo_2026-06-15_18-38-18.jpg 905w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn41\" id=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. <strong>\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1917\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1917\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/marxist.com\/trotsky-1905-and-the-permanent-revolution.htm\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\"><em>Trotsky, 1905 and the Permanent Revolution<\/em><\/mark><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> L Trotsky, 1905, Penguin Books, 1973, pg 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> L Trotsky, My Life, Wellred Books, 2018, pg 80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Quoted in ibid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> ibid. pg 82<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> L Trotsky, My Life, Wellred Books, 2018, pg 110<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> bid. pg 83<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> R Sewell &amp; A Woods, \u2018In Defence of Lenin\u2019, Vol. 1, Wellred Books, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> L Trotsky, My Life, Wellred Books, 2018, pg 143<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018The Proletariat and the Revolution\u2019, Our Revolution, Henry Holt and Company, 1918, pg 39<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> R B Day, D Gaido (ed., trans.), \u2018Up to the Ninth of January\u2019, Witnesses to Permanent Revolution: The Documentary Record, Haymarket Books, 2009, pg 324<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> ibid. pg 331<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> &nbsp;L Trotsky, O Gluschenko (trans.), \u2018Political Letter II\u2019, Iskra, No. 93, 17 March 1905, Marxist Internet Archive,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> R B Day, D Gaido (ed., trans.), \u2018Up to the Ninth of January\u2019, Witnesses to Permanent Revolution: The Documentary Record, Haymarket Books, 2009, pg 255<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> ibid. pg 267<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018Social-Democracy and the Provisional Revolutionary Government\u2019, Collected Works, Vol. 8, Progress Publishers, 1977, pg 289<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> I Deutscher, The Prophet Armed, Verso, 2004, pg 104<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> I Deutscher, The Prophet Armed, Oxford University Press, 1945, pg 112<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects, Wellred Books, 2020, pg 66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018Open Letter to Professor P.N. Miliukov\u2019, Revolutionary Russia, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1990, pg 236<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> R B Day, D Gaido (ed., trans.), \u2018Introduction to Ferdinand Lessalle\u2019s Speech to the Jury\u2019, Witnesses to Permanent Revolution: The Documentary Record, Haymarket Books, 2009, pg 455<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018Two Tactics of Social-Democracy in the Democratic Revolution\u2019, Collected Works, Vol. 9, Progress Publishers, 1977, pg 57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> L Trotsky, 1905, Penguin Books, 1973, pg 210<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" id=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> L Trotsky, My Life, Wellred Books, 2018, pg 156<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" id=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> A Lunacharsky, Revolutionary Silhouettes, Hill and Wang, 1968, pg 60<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" id=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> &nbsp;L Trotsky, 1905, Penguin Books, 1973, pg 102<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" id=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> L Trotsky, My Life, Wellred Books, 2018, pg 159<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" id=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> L Trotsky, 1905, Penguin Books, 1973, pg 176<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" id=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> ibid. pg 153<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" id=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> L Trotsky, 1905, Penguin Books, 1973, pg 201<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" id=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> ibid. pg 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" id=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> K Marx, \u2018Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution\u2019, Selected Works of Karl Marx, Vol. 2, Progress Publishers, 1942, pg 46<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" id=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects, Wellred Books, 2020, pg 209<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" id=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> K Marx, F Engels, \u2018Preface to the Second Russian Edition of the Manifesto of the Communist Party\u2019, Collected Works, Vol. 24, Progress Publishers, 2010, pg 426<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" id=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> L Trotsky, 1905, Penguin Books, 1973, pg 56<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" id=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> ibid. pg 66<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" id=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects, Wellred Books, 2020, pg 262 37 ibid. pg 263<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" id=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> ibid. pg 263<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" id=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018The Revolutionary-Democratic Dictatorship of the Proletariat and the Peasantry\u2019, Collected Works, Vol. 8, Progress Publishers, 1977, pg 298<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" id=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> V I Lenin, \u2018Two Tactics of Social-Democracy in the Democratic Revolution\u2019, Collected Works, Vol. 9, Progress Publishers, 1977, pg 87<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" id=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> L Trotsky, The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects, Wellred Books, 2020, pg 164<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" id=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> L Trotsky, \u2018The Character of the Russian Revolution\u2019, Fourth International, Vol. 3, No. 11, November 1942, pg 333<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 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