{"id":11055,"date":"2026-09-02T19:37:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T19:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=11055"},"modified":"2026-09-02T19:37:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T19:37:22","slug":"%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=11055","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 86 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 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decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/trotsky_Image_own_work.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11056\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f 36 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/wellred-books.com\/authors\/trotsky\/\">Wellred Books<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 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<em>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0641 [\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u062a.\u063a.]\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627&#8230; \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1917\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c &#8220;\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633&#8230; \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The 1917 Russian Revolution: A Complete Timeline | SPECTRE OF COMMUNISM\" width=\"618\" height=\"348\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eXzg544UyJ0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u00ab\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;<em>\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a&#8221;<\/em>\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/strong><strong>\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 <strong>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 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gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0646 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\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1917 \u06481924\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 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\u064a\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627. <strong>\u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637<\/strong>&#8230; \u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 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&#8220;\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn11\" id=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 -\u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646- \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Marxist Who Predicted the Post-War Order: Ted Grant\u2019s Legacy | SPECTRE OF COMMUNISM PODCAST\" width=\"618\" height=\"348\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B9p94yHPgU4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 <strong>\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 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\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;<em>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621&#8221;<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1968\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a <em>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/em> \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 <strong>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0621 (<\/strong>Plutocracy<strong>)<\/strong>. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 8% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 14.9%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u064851 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 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\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/strong>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a. <strong>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. <\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Leon Trotsky - The life of a revolutionary\" width=\"618\" height=\"348\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3gxpmBaRWZc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong>. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a -\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<strong>&#8211;<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0631\u0627\u060c <strong>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d\u060c <strong>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/strong>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u062f &#8220;<strong>\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633&#8221; (<\/strong>Poll tax<strong>)<\/strong>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 <strong>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e&#8221;: \u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0643! \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a<\/strong>. \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631. \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">20 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 1990<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/em>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/marxist.com\/ted-grant-trotsky-relevance-today.htm\"><strong><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">Trotsky&#8217;s relevance today<\/mark><\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <em>My Life<\/em>, p332<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>My Life<\/em>, p330<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> p503<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> p506<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Trotsky&nbsp;: <em>In Defence of Marxism<\/em>, p17-21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> p19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> <em>In Defence of Marxism<\/em>, p6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> p7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> p7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> p13-15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> p15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> The Politics of Rich and Poor&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> p25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> p119<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> p30<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 86 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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