{"id":10627,"date":"2026-03-03T07:18:00","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T07:18:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=10627"},"modified":"2026-03-02T19:43:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T19:43:11","slug":"%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a1-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=10627","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u201d. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631:<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647<br>\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u060c<br>\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0636\u062a\u0647\u060c<br>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0636\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641!\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn13\" id=\"_ednref13\"><em>[13]<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 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\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1972\" height=\"1314\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10634\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 (1828)\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062e\u201d\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u201d. \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f<em> <\/em>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062a\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn15\" id=\"_ednref15\"><em>[15]<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0640<em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u201d\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c1371715fdfb70b2c0d629e0bac022f0\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646<\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627!\u201d<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641: <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621\u201d<a href=\"#_edn16\" id=\"_ednref16\"><em>[16]<\/em><\/a>.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647:<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u201d \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 (<em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u201d) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u201d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u063a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn22\" id=\"_ednref22\"><em>[22]<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18b30ffc6d3ab929ab029d0748b2449e\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u064a\u0635\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 -\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a- \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0634\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1814.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0634\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627: <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u201d<a href=\"#_edn23\" id=\"_ednref23\"><em>[23]<\/em><\/a>. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u061f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c<br>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f<br>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645&#8230;\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn24\" id=\"_ednref24\"><em>[24]<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1831\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629\u060c<br>&nbsp;\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn25\" id=\"_ednref25\"><em>[25]<\/em><\/a>.<em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u201d \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab&#8230; \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0632 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0645\u0635 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn26\" id=\"_ednref26\"><em>[26]<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a6f3604a9699c502299d45f15d70caa5\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u201d<a href=\"#_edn27\" id=\"_ednref27\"><em>[27]<\/em><\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1865 \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0628\u0637\u0644\u062a\u0647\u201d<a href=\"#_edn28\" id=\"_ednref28\"><em>[28]<\/em><\/a>.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1477\" height=\"985\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10635\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a [\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646] (\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644) (1828)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 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id=\"_ednref30\"><em>[30]<\/em><\/a>\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0630\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0641\u064a \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn35\" id=\"_ednref35\"><em>[35]<\/em><\/a>. \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 -\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647- \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u00ab\u062a\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn36\" id=\"_ednref36\"><em>[36]<\/em><\/a>.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a <em>\u201c<\/em>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u201d\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627<br>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c<br>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u060c<br>\u0641\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn37\" id=\"_ednref37\"><em>[37]<\/em><\/a>.<em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644. <em>\u201c<\/em>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" dir=\"ltr\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/marxist.com\/faust-in-the-beginning-was-the-deed.htm\">Faust \u2013 in the beginning was the deed<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cc1d30a40466e9f6bba06cebc710b636\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> J W von Goethe, <em>Poetry And Truth From My Own Life<\/em>, Vol. 1, George Bell and Sons, 1913, pg 229-230<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> R Safranski, <em>Goethe : Kunstwerk des Lebens<\/em>, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2013, pg 155, tr. D Dollenmayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> H Heine, \u2018The Romantic School\u2019, <em>The Prose Writings of Heinrich Heine<\/em>, Arno Press, 1973, pg 115<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> J W von Goethe, <em>Conversations of Goethe with Eckermann and Soret<\/em>, George Bell and Sons, 1875, pg 507<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 515<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> R Safranski, <em>Goethe : Kunstwerk des Lebens<\/em>, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2013, pg 100, tr. D Dollenmayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 31<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 34<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> R Safranski, <em>Goethe: Life as a Work of Art<\/em>, Liveright, 2017, pg 311<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 51<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> K Marx, \u2018Theses on Feuerbach\u2019, <em>The Revolutionary Philosophy of Marxism<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2021, pg 51<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 37<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> G W F Hegel, \u2018Hegel to Goethe \u2013 April 24, 1825\u2019, <em>Hegel: The Letters<\/em>, Indiana University Press, 1984, pg 709<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> F Engels, \u2018Engels to C Schmidt, October 27, 1890\u2019, <em>Marx, Engels, Lenin: On Historical Materialism<\/em>, Progress Publishers, 1976, pg 301<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 36<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> F Engels, \u2018Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy\u2019, <em>Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works<\/em>, Vol. 26, Progress Publishers, 1990, pg 378<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref23\" id=\"_edn23\">[23]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 143<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref24\" id=\"_edn24\">[24]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 77<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref25\" id=\"_edn25\">[25]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 317<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref26\" id=\"_edn26\">[26]<\/a> K Marx, <em>Capital<\/em>, Vol. 1, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1961, pg 760<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref27\" id=\"_edn27\">[27]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 376<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref28\" id=\"_edn28\">[28]<\/a> K Marx, \u2018Karl Marx\u2019s \u201cConfession\u201d\u2019, printed in <em>International Review of Social History<\/em>, Vol. 1, 1956, pg 108<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref29\" id=\"_edn29\">[29]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 71<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref30\" id=\"_edn30\">[30]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 73<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref31\" id=\"_edn31\">[31]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref32\" id=\"_edn32\">[32]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 126<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref33\" id=\"_edn33\">[33]<\/a> F Engels, \u2018German Socialism in Verse and Prose\u2019, <em>Karl Marx Frederick Engels Collected Works<\/em>, Vol. 6, Progress Publishers, 1976, pg 266<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref34\" id=\"_edn34\">[34]<\/a> R Safranski, <em>Goethe : Kunstwerk des Lebens<\/em>, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2013, pg 623, tr. D Dollenmayer<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref35\" id=\"_edn35\">[35]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 547<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref36\" id=\"_edn36\">[36]<\/a> F Engels, <em>Anti-D\u00fchring<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2017, pg 50<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref37\" id=\"_edn37\">[37]<\/a> J W von Goethe, C Hamlin (ed.), <em>Faust<\/em>, Norton, 2001, pg 11<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631. 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