{"id":10538,"date":"2026-01-30T19:12:09","date_gmt":"2026-01-30T19:12:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=10538"},"modified":"2026-01-30T19:12:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-30T19:12:12","slug":"%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%ba%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%85%d9%8a-%d8%b6%d8%af-%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/?p=10538","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f: \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u201d\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n[\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/IDOM-arabic-48.pdf\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 48 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u00a0\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.]\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7e4ac651328708ea719ac0894fa30934\">.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"665\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/helgoland.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10539\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644 (1900)\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1925 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631. \u201c\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u201d \u0647\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u201c\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639&#8230; \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f&#8230;\u201d\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn1\" id=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631. [&#8230;] \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn2\" id=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u201d\u060c \u201c\u0634\u0628\u062d\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629&#8230; \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u201c\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u201d \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u201d (Relational interpretation).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6579d3917eba8fd20a8b89367e055a35\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u201d. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"7680\" height=\"4320\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10540\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641. \/ \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: vchal \/ Alamy Stock Photo<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u062e\u0630 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u201c\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u201d (Discrete)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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id=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a 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\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u201d. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <strong>\u0646\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>&#8230; \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 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id=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648<strong>\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 -\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645- \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u201c\u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <em>New Scientist<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643.<br>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u063a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646 (The Higgs or gluon fields). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647.<br>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627: \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn13\" id=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0639\u0629: \u062e\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u201d\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u201d \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629\u201d <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn14\" id=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Brownian motion)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u201d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 &nbsp;(shells) \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a (Quantum degeneracy pressure). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u201d \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u201c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u201d \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u201d \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u201c\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u201d (\u2018zero-point energy\u2019)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0627\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d <strong>\u0641\u0642\u0637<\/strong> \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0630\u062c\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn15\" id=\"_ednref15\">[15]<\/a>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 <strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 <strong>\u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1589\" height=\"838\" src=\"https:\/\/marxy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10543\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1927 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0625\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \/ \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u201c\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 [\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629]\u201d. (\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0641\u064a\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 19). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u201c\u0634\u0643\u0644\u201d \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u201c\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u201d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 <strong>\u062e\u062f\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 <strong>\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f <strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8230;\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn16\" id=\"_ednref16\">[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f28b1173cee2396b4f3b7a1db231ca92\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 -\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>&#8211; \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u201c\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 <strong>\u0623\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u062c\u0647! \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u201d \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d (Energeticism).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u201d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 E=mc<sup>2<\/sup><sup> <\/sup>[\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621] \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062e \u0644\u0640\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0640\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Epistemological) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u201c\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u201d.\u00bb<a href=\"#_edn17\" id=\"_ednref17\">[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u201d \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u201d\u060c 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\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\" dir=\"ltr\"><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/marxist.com\/helgoland-a-quantum-physicist-s-crusade-against-lenin.htm\">Helgoland: a quantum physicist\u2019s crusade against Lenin<\/a><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-red-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-red-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref1\" id=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> C Rovelli, <em>Helgoland<\/em>, Allen Lane, 2021, pg 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref2\" id=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref3\" id=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref4\" id=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> N Bohr, \u2018Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature\u2019, <em>Collected Works<\/em>, Vol. 6, North-Holland Physics Publishing, 1985, pg 296<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref5\" id=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> C Rovelli, <em>Helgoland<\/em>, Allen Lane, 2021, pg 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref6\" id=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 56<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref7\" id=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> V I Lenin, <em>Materialism and Empirio-criticism<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2021, pg 137-138<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref8\" id=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> C Rovelli, <em>Helgoland<\/em>, Allen Lane, 2021, pg 69<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref9\" id=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 71<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref10\" id=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 78<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref11\" id=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref12\" id=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 75<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref13\" id=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> <em>New Scientist<\/em>, Issue 2950, 4 January 2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref14\" id=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> V I Lenin, <em>Materialism and Empirio-criticism<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2021, pg 218<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref15\" id=\"_edn15\">[15]<\/a> C Rovelli, <em>Helgoland<\/em>, Allen Lane, 2021, pg 105<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref16\" id=\"_edn16\">[16]<\/a> V I Lenin, <em>Materialism and Empirio-criticism<\/em>, Wellred Books, 2021, pg 210-211<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref17\" id=\"_edn17\">[17]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 227<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref18\" id=\"_edn18\">[18]<\/a> B Kastrup, \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bernardokastrup.com\/2021\/06\/here-i-part-ways-with-rovelli.html\">Here I part ways with Rovelli<\/a>\u2019, bernardokastrup.com, June 2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref19\" id=\"_edn19\">[19]<\/a> C Rovelli, <em>Helgoland<\/em>, Allen Lane, 2021, pg 114<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref20\" id=\"_edn20\">[20]<\/a> <em>ibid<\/em>. pg 111<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref21\" id=\"_edn21\">[21]<\/a> P Jordan, <em>Physics of the 20th Century<\/em>, Philosophical Library, 1944, pg 160<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"#_ednref22\" id=\"_edn22\">[22]<\/a> D Hoffmann, M Walker, \u2018Der gute Nazi: Pascual Jordan und das Dritte Reich\u2019, <em>Pascual Jordan (1902\u20131980): Mainzer Symposium zum 100. Geburtstag<\/em>, Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 2007, pg 100,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0647\u064a\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u201d\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":10539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philo-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10546,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10538\/revisions\/10546"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marxy.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}